living: 30 years from now

Our pick of the best reads:


Jeff Rubin "Why your world is about to get a whole lot smaller"


 

Greg Craven "What's the worst that could happen?"


Lester Brown "Plan B 3.0"


Shaun Chamberlin "Transition Timeline"


Andrew Simms & David Boyle "The New Economics"


Anthony Giddens "The Politics of Climate Change"


Tamzin Pinkerton & Rob Hopkins "Local Food"


Clive Hamilton "Growth Fetish"


Richard Heinberg "Peak Everything"


Richard Heinberg "Oil Depletion Protocol"


"The Green Building Bible" vol 1


Mark Lynas "Six Degrees"


Donella Meadows, Jorgen Randers Dennis Meadow "Limits to Growth"


Aubrey Meyer "Contract & Converge"


Alexis Rowell "Communities, Councils & A Low-Carbon Future"

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From the Library Shelf:

Authors A thru D
Authors E thru H
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Proud Co-Founders of Transition Town High Wycombe

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wood Burning

Carbon Neutral Heat

The UK Forestry Commission claim that 3.6 million barrels of oil could be saved annually by burning wood instead of oil in Britain. Wood is, essentially, "biomass" in modern technical jargon. It is by far one of our oldest fuel sources. It is endlessly renewable and, if sourced local to the point of burning, more or less "Carbon Neutral".

 

However, this is not the whole story. The reasons the Pilgrim Fathers left Europe for the New World was because of a fuel shortage in the old world. Human population in Europe had reached saturation point for the available biomass. Hence people either left or dug up coal to burn. Coal is just concentrated wood stored underground. Coal cannot be renewed. What was true then is true now. There is only so much agricultural land available and we will have to make tough choices about feeding ourselves of heating our homes. Tough call. Read on.........

Storing Sunshine

Stored Sunshine - in SwitzerlandManaging pre-existing woodlands in the United Kingdom could yield sufficient heating fuel so as to avoid the annual emission of 400,000 tonnes of Carbon from Fossil Fuels. However, like the game of 'offsetting' not everyone can play. With the best will in the world the carbon sequestration potential of Britain's forests is only 5% of current emissions. All forms of 'biomass' and land-based renewable energy sources must compete with food production for land-space. This probably doesn't seem much like a problem if you hail from the USA but in the rather more cramped conditions of Northern Europe we hit this problem 300 years ago. Although our ability to produce food has improved since then so has our population.

 

So the future for firewood is where it can be grown sustainably on marginal lands, ie, somewhere where not much else will grow. Growing wood is a far more efficient way of storing Carbon Dioxide than growing other crops. It is roughly six times more cost efficient that equivalent bio-diesel production. The calorific value of wood is about 10 gigajoules per tonne. The most efficient way of producing it is to grow willow trees that can be harvested every three years. A rough estimate performed by George Monbiot showed that every hectare of land could produce 67.5GJ. If we used all 17 million hectares of UK agricultural land just to grow willows for firewood you would still only produce 48% of our heating needs.

 

If our population can be fed on 80% of the land (that is a big IF) then that leaves 20% for fire-wood. Along with other burning of agricultural by-products the most optimistic figures for heat-from-bio-mass in the UK is still less that 40%. This could still be a meaningful contribution to heating and CO2 sequestration. Hence, if you have it and can burn it then you should. Should we import wood to burn? Well, no. It has a low energy density relative to its physical bulk making it over five times less useful than coal. Hence the carbon given off in its transportation negates the fossil fuels you are trying to save. For every 10km that fire-wood travels 0.2% of its energy is consumed in fossil fuels burnt. This is why it is so important not to use fossil fuel in its transportation and to use it near to the Free yourself from the Price of Oilsource of production. However, if you were to bring it by sail-boat...

 

In summary then - there is a large contribution to be made to carbon-neutral heating in our homes if roughly 4 out of 5 people derive half of their heating from wood burning. For this reason there is cause to be optimistic that there is still a significant contribution to be made by such an old fashioned idea. The smell of wood-smoke has a place in our future. However, don't forget dense wood smoke in a city is not considered desirable. That should tell us more about the sustainability of our cities and the imbalance in our internal moral compass than the problems of burning wood. Would you rather freeze?

The Counter-Argument

Would you rather freeze?With so many positive points for the burning of wood it would be surprising to learn of a counter-argument. If you voyage over to our books section you should take a glance at the book by the Union of Concerned Scientists (ISBN 0 609 80281 X "The Consumer's Guide to Effective Environmental Choices - Practical Advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists" Michael Brower and Warren Leon - Random House 1999). This book details domestic wood burning as near the top of its list of environmental sins.

 

Apparently this point of view largely originates from across the pond in the USA and is focused upon wood-smoke as an aerial pollutant regardless of the wider issues. After reading this book we happened upon the web site (listed below) for the "Burning Issues" organisation founded by member of the Sierra Club. They too actively campaign to rid America of wood burning. Their web site lists the horrors of this heinous crime. Their concerns surround the particulate output in wood smoke and its effect upon human health.

 

A basic examination of the facts does seem to render this point of view as vaguely preposterous. Whilst you cannot dispute the science the weight of evidence is firmly stacked in favour of wood burning as being beneficial to the environment. So, why should the US be so dead set against wood burning whilst those mild-mannered Europeans be so keen? We have yet to find the answer to this conundrum.

 

The evidence is really clear cut. Although wood smoke is bad for your health the terrible statistics for the numbers of humans dieing originate from the use of open fires for cooking in poor third world countries. This bares no resemblance to the modern use of wood fuel in boilers and domestic heaters in the northern countries.

 

The latest thread of argument from the anti-wood-burners is that wood burning is bad for the environment. This astonishing concept is borne of the idea that wood is better at capturing carbon if it is let to rot where it stood and release its carbon very slowly, ie, sequestration. Of course this ignores the fact that human beings then substitute the wood with fossil fuels. Hence the balance of the argument remains firmly stacked against the wood-burning doubters.

 

The bottom line is this: you can burn wood perfectly safely to heat your house. It will not effect your health. It is carbon neutral and beneficial to everyone where it stops the extraction of fossil fuels from the bowels of the earth and its subsequent burning.

 

However, top marks for the doubters for trying. There is every kind of argument presented over on 'burning issues' - most of which look like some nonsense dreamt up by oil men. Now - there's a thought! Apparently wood smoke could lead to solar dimming - or changes in rain patterns! Come on! Get real! At the end of the day, it may well be the only thing you have left to keep you warm. Would you rather freeze?

29th June 2010: We had an E:Mail from a lady in Essex, UK, who complained that woodsmoke is a terrible thing and that we should "try living near it" as she does. All we can say is: yes madam, we have tried living near it. Not only near it but under it. Since the Post Carbon Home is entirely wood heated and we live in a smoke control zone then we live with it on a daily basis. There is no problem what-so-ever. Now if someone chose to burn a stack of damp leaves in the garden next door that would be pollution and I wouldn't be happy about it. There is a world of difference between heating with wood and wood-smoke. Wood smoke is caused by the incomplete and inefficient burning of wood. It causes carbon particulates that damage our lungs and environments. Which is why you must NOT create wood smoke. You need efficient clean-burn technology. If you have ever seen a modern wood pellet boiler demolish a tonne of wood pellets into a handful of ash without the slightest smell of whiff of smoke you will understand what we mean. If you are aware of wood smoke then it is a pollutant and it is serving no purpose. It is a waste and it is mildly dangerous. The lady from Essex may well be surrounded by clean burn wood-burning technology. But she wouldn't know it. It only takes one person nearby to burn wood badly for it to become a problem. Then suddenly "burning wood" is the problem. This is wrong. Smoke is the problem.

What we Waste

  • As much as 10 million tonnes of waste wood is produced every year in the UK

  • 420,000 tonnes of wood is discarded from households or dumped at civic waste amenities

  • Up to 670,000 tonnes of waste wood is produced from packaging (mostly pallets)

  • Construction and demolition waste accounts for 750,000 tonnes annually

  • See the links below for wood recycling projects

Post-Carbon Girl

Resources

Milla Enjoys the Sun & Fresh AirOur current house doesn't even have a chimney. It was one of the reasons why we decided to MOVE. Our next house has a fireplace. Daddy wants to put a proper wood burner in for space heating. We will probably have a modern Condensing Gas Boiler too but Daddy says for could have a wood pellet Boiler instead. All largely Carbon Neutral!

Conclusion

Low Carbon Man

  • Isn't all that wood smoke bad for you and bad for the area you live in?

  • We waste so much good firewood. It releases all the trapped CO2 as it rots. Let's use it to replace oil & gas.

Organise | Powerdown | Recycle | Substitute | Stay | Generate | Grow | Invest | Make | Community

References:
  • Statistic on Oil savings report in the "Ecologist" magazine May 2007.

  • George Monbiot's "Heat"

  • Statistics on Wood Waste from the Forest Stewardship Council as reported in "The Ecologist" February 2009

 

 

 
   
   

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